Abstract
Introduction
The remarkable efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines have been described in healthy individuals, but kidney transplant recipients have been excluded from these studies. Therefore, real-world evidence of these vaccines can guide clinicians in predicting complications in kidney transplant recipients and how many doses of vaccines are protective. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 vaccines on kidney transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Material and method
This matched case-control study included vaccinated kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 from two centers between 1 May and 1 October 2021. All patients in the vaccinated group received a minimum of two doses of the vaccine and were diagnosed with COVID-19 at least one month after the last dose. Each vaccinated patient was matched with an unvaccinated kidney transplant recipient diagnosed with COVID. The endpoints were all-cause mortality, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, acute kidney injury, cytokine storm, and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Results
The median age of vaccinated seventy-two participants was 45 years, and 41 of the participants were men in the vaccinated group. Four patients in the vaccinated group and nine patients in the control group died during follow-up (p = 0.247). Seventeen patients in the vaccinated group, thirty-four participants in the control group were hospitalized (p = 0.004); five vaccinated patients and ten unvaccinated patients were followed-up in the ICU during follow-up (p = 0.168). Thirteen of the vaccinated and twelve unvaccinated patients developed acute kidney injury (p = 0.16). The occurrence of cytokine storm (n = 4 vs. n = 11; p = 0.061) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (n = 5 vs. n = 10; p = 0.168) was higher in the patient group compared to the control group.
Conclusion
COVID-19 remains a fatal disease despite advancing treatment modalities and preventive strategies. COVID-19 vaccines can’t prevent death in all kidney transplant recipients, but they decrease hospitalization rate and duration in most patients.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, CoronaVac, BNT162b2, Kidney transplantation, vaccine effectiveness, 【초록키워드】 Treatment, Efficacy, Vaccine, Cytokine storm, COVID-19 vaccine, Hospitalized, intensive care, Hospitalization, SARS-COV-2 infection, Acute kidney injury, ICU, COVID, Patient, Effectiveness, death, Complication, Follow-up, Admission, patients, kidney transplant, Protective, kidney transplant recipient, case-control study, acute respiratory distress, Evidence, kidney transplant recipients, dose, Endpoint, control group, clinician, median age, all-cause mortality, syndrome, participant, material, fatal disease, men, FIVE, Prevent, decrease, Occurrence, Result, described, died, the patient, diagnosed, nine, excluded, the vaccine, diagnosed with COVID-19, in healthy individuals, with COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 Clinical outcome, kidney transplant recipient, difference,