The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we review the molecular pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and its relationship with oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. Furthermore, we analyze the potential role of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapies to prevent severe complications. OS has a potential key role in the COVID-19 pathogenesis by triggering the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB). While exposure to many pro-oxidants usually induces nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor2 (NRF2) activation and upregulation of antioxidant related elements expression, respiratory viral infections often inhibit NRF2 and/or activate NF- k B pathways, resulting in inflammation and oxidative injury. Hence, the use of radical scavengers like N-acetylcysteine and vitamin C, as well as of steroids and inflammasome inhibitors, has been proposed. The NRF2 pathway has been shown to be suppressed in severe SARS-CoV-2 patients. Pharmacological NRF2 inducers have been reported to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication, the inflammatory response, and transmembrane protease serine 2 activation, which for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells through the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor. Thus, NRF2 activation may represent a potential path out of the woods in COVID-19 pandemic.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, Inflammation, oxidative stress, Nrf2, NF-kB, Adjuvant treatments, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, coronavirus disease, coronavirus, pandemic, COVID-19 pandemic, Vitamin C, protease, antioxidant, inhibitors, Replication, NF-kB, COVID-19 pathogenesis, pathway, Inflammasome, receptor, molecular, expression, patients, respiratory viral infection, Inflammatory response, Pathways, Injury, steroid, host cell, Anti-inflammatory therapy, acute respiratory syndrome, Activation, enzyme, domain, upregulation, transmembrane, severe complications, element, while, inducer, nuclear, pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, triggering, serine 2, Prevent, severe SARS-CoV-2, oxidative, shown, resulting, caused, reported, inhibit, induce, suppressed, activate, entry of SARS-CoV-2, inhibit SARS-CoV-2, radical scavenger, 【제목키워드】 Complication, role, Potential,