Nutritional deficiency is associated with impaired immunity and increased susceptibility to infections. The complex interactions of trace elements with the macromolecules trigger the effective immune response against the viral diseases. The outcome of various viral infections along with susceptibility is affected by trace elements such as zinc, selenium, iron, copper, etc. due to their immuno-modulatory effects. Available electronic databases have been comprehensively searched for articles published with full text available and with the key words “Trace elements”, “COVID-19”, “Viral Infections” and “Immune Response” (i.e. separately Zn, Se, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mo, Cr, Li, Ni, Co) appearing in the title and abstract. On the basis of available articles we have explored the role of trace elements in viral infections with special reference to COVID-19 and their interactions with the immune system. Zinc, selenium and other trace elements are vital to triggerT H 1 cells and cytokine-mediated immune response for substantial production of proinflammatory cytokines. The antiviral activity of some trace elements is attributed to their inhibitory effect on viral entry, replication and other downstream processes. Trace elements having antioxidants activity not only regulate host immune responses, but also modify the viral genome. Adequate dietary intake of trace elements is essential for activation, development, differentiation and numerous functions.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Zinc, Cytokines, Selenium, copper, reactive oxygen species, Cell-mediated immunity, trace elements, manganese, 【초록키워드】 viral infection, immune response, Trace element, Immunity, susceptibility, Infection, immune system, antiviral activity, outcome, antioxidant, database, viral entry, Replication, infections, proinflammatory cytokines, Viral diseases, Interaction, regulate, viral genome, dietary intake, deficiency, Activation, Abstract, inhibitory effect, host immune responses, functions, article, complex interaction, downstream, macromolecule, effective, Cell, affected, searched, in viral, Adequate, modify, immuno-modulatory effects, 【제목키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, Other, element, trace,