Abstract— Most vaccines work by inducing neutralizing antibodies that target the viral envelope. Enveloped RNA viruses have evolved mechanisms for surface glycoproteins to evade host immune responses, which exhibit substantial variability, even among different strains. Natural infection and vaccines using native forms of surface proteins may induce broadly neutralizing antibodies, yet with low and ineffective levels. Class I membrane-fusion proteins of enveloped RNA viruses, HIV-1, influenza A virus, SARS-CoV-2, yield a stable conformation (so-called “pre-fusion”) in providing fusion between viral and host cell membranes. Modified viral surface proteins that are based on these features induce neutralizing antibodies with activity available against a broad spectrum of circulating strains and make it possible to overcome the difficulties associated with escape/variability of viral antigen .
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, Vaccines, Neutralizing antibodies, influenza A virus, Spike protein, HIV-1, Haemagglutinin, enveloped RNA viruses, Env, fusion mechanisms, 【초록키워드】 neutralizing antibody, Vaccine, Infection, Surface glycoprotein, Protein, RNA virus, mechanism, strain, Viral antigen, viral surface, Variability, host immune responses, circulating, MOST, viral envelope, surface protein, host cell membranes, feature, form, overcome, induce, evade, 【제목키워드】 RNA, the Spike,