The current COVID-19 pandemic has substantially accelerated the demands for efficient vaccines. A wide spectrum of approaches includes live attenuated and inactivated viruses, protein subunits and peptides, viral vector-based delivery, DNA plasmids, and synthetic mRNA. Preclinical studies have demonstrated robust immune responses, reduced viral loads and protection against challenges with SARS-CoV-2 in rodents and primates. Vaccine candidates based on all delivery systems mentioned above have been subjected to clinical trials in healthy volunteers. Phase I clinical trials have demonstrated in preliminary findings good safety and tolerability. Evaluation of immune responses in a small number of individuals has demonstrated similar or superior levels of neutralizing antibodies in comparison to immunogenicity detected in COVID-19 patients. Both adenovirus- and mRNA-based vaccines have entered phase II and study protocols for phase III trials with 30,000 participants have been finalized.
【저자키워드】 viral vectors, DNA vaccines, inactivated, self-amplifying RNA, Protein subunit, mRNA-based vaccines, live-attenuated, 【초록키워드】 neutralizing antibody, SARS-CoV-2, immune response, clinical trial, Study protocol, Vaccines, COVID-19 pandemic, Adenovirus, DNA, mRNA, immune responses, phase III trial, peptides, rodent, COVID-19 patients, preclinical study, phase, Tolerability, healthy volunteers, individual, candidate, participant, plasmids, mRNA-based vaccine, inactivated viruses, approach, robust, include, demonstrated, accelerated, preliminary finding, reduced viral load, viral vector-based, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, status, current,