The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), poses a grave threat to global public health and imposes a severe burden on the entire human society. Like other coronaviruses, the SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes spike (S) glycoproteins, which protrude from the surface of mature virions. The S glycoprotein plays essential roles in virus attachment, fusion and entry into the host cell. Surface location of the S glycoprotein renders it a direct target for host immune responses, making it the main target of neutralizing antibodies. In the light of its crucial roles in viral infection and adaptive immunity, the S protein is the focus of most vaccine strategies as well as therapeutic interventions. In this review, we highlight and describe the recent progress that has been made in the biosynthesis, structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein, aiming to provide valuable insights into the design and development of the S protein-based vaccines as well as therapeutics.
【저자키워드】 Structure, SARS-CoV-2, Neutralizing antibodies, spike glycoprotein, Receptor-binding domain, membrane fusion, synthesis, immunogen design, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, coronavirus disease, Vaccine, coronavirus, pandemic, adaptive, Immunity, Infection, virus, antigenicity, surface, S glycoprotein, host cell, acute respiratory syndrome, global public health, other coronaviruses, therapeutic interventions, host immune responses, virions, ENCODE, highlight, caused, in viral, Like, the S protein, S protein-based vaccine, the SARS-CoV-2, the SARS-CoV-2 genome, 【제목키워드】 spike, immunogen, function, Biosynthesis,