Resident memory T cells (T RM ) positioned within the respiratory tract are probably required to limit SARS-CoV-2 spread and COVID-19. Importantly, T RM are mostly non-recirculating, which reduces the window of opportunity to examine these cells in the blood as they move to the lung parenchyma. Here, we identify circulating virus-specific T cell responses during acute infection with functional, migratory and apoptotic patterns modulated by viral proteins and associated with clinical outcome. Disease severity is associated predominantly with IFNγ and IL-4 responses, increased responses against S peptides and apoptosis, whereas non-hospitalized patients have increased IL-12p70 levels, degranulation in response to N peptides and SARS-CoV-2-specific CCR7 + T cells secreting IL-10. In convalescent patients, lung-T RM are frequently detected even 10 months after initial infection, in which contemporaneous blood does not reflect tissue-resident profiles. Our study highlights a balanced anti-inflammatory antiviral response associated with a better outcome and persisting T RM cells as important for future protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lung resident memory T (T RM ) cells are important for protection from viral infection in the lungs. Here the authors use paired lung biopsy material and blood to characterize T cell responses in patients with COVID-19 over time and find persistence of antiviral lung T RM cells that might be important to limit reinfection.
【저자키워드】 viral infection, Cytokines, Infectious diseases, cellular immunity, Mucosal immunology, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Apoptosis, viral infection, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, T cells, SARS-COV-2 infection, severity, disease severity, Infection, peptide, lung, Viral proteins, outcome, resident, Clinical outcome, Spread, Reinfection, T cell, Convalescent patients, Viral, persistence, acute infection, response, Lungs, T cell responses, memory T cells, Patient, peptides, respiratory tract, IL-10, respiratory, T cell response, memory T cell, Blood, IL-4, antiviral response, lung parenchyma, lung biopsy, Viral protein, These cells, IFNγ, profiles, window, circulating, CCR7, IL-12p70, memory T, degranulation, Biopsy material, apoptotic, limit, Cell, highlight, initial, identify, required, functional, reduce, responses against, virus-specific T cell, secreting, these cell, modulated, IL-4 responses, patients with COVID-19, positioned, 【제목키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, lung, memory T, peripheral, Cell, responses against,