Rapid surveillance of COVID-19 by timely detection of geographically robust, alive and emerging hotspots using Particle Swarm OptimizerResearch article Published on 2022-07-012022-10-05 Journal: Applied Geography [Category] Coronavirus, 치료기술, [키워드] acute respiratory syndrome affected America analyzed applied Brazil computation confirmed case coronavirus Coronavirus disease 2019 country COVID-19 death detect Government help hospital hotspot Hotspot detection identify Incubation period India inefficient less likelihood ratio outbreak pandemic Particle Particle swarm optimizer performance Rapid Result robust Russia SARS-CoV-2 significantly Spatio-temporal analysis study period Surveillance the United State virus World Health Organization Wuhan [DOI] 10.1016/j.apgeog.2022.102719 [Article Type] Research article