Current knowledge on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) etiopathogenesis encompasses complex interactions between the host’s genetic background and several environmental factors that result in dysimmunity against the central nervous system. An old-aged association exists between MS and viral infections, capable of triggering and sustaining neuroinflammation through direct and indirect mechanisms. The novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has a remarkable, and still not fully understood, impact on the immune system: the occurrence and severity of both acute COVID-19 and post-infectious chronic illness (long COVID-19) largely depends on the host’s response to the infection, that echoes several aspects of MS pathobiology. Furthermore, other MS-associated viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs), may enhance a mechanistic interplay with the novel Coronavirus, with the potential to interfere in MS natural history. Studies on COVID-19 in people with MS have helped clinicians in adjusting therapeutic strategies during the pandemic; similar efforts are being made for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns. In this Review, we look over 18 months of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic from the perspective of MS: we dissect neuroinflammatory and demyelinating mechanisms associated with COVID-19, summarize pathophysiological crossroads between MS and SARS-CoV-2 infection, and discuss present evidence on COVID-19 and its vaccination in people with MS.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccine, multiple sclerosis, virus, Virus-host interactions, Neuroinflammation, EBV—Epstein-Barr Virus, 【초록키워드】 viruses, review, vaccination, multiple sclerosis, knowledge, SARS-COV-2 infection, SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, severity, Human, Infection, immune system, viral infections, immune, Novel coronavirus, Viral, Neuroinflammation, Therapeutic strategies, Epstein-Barr virus, Central nervous system, mechanisms, mechanism, therapeutic strategy, EBV, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, association, Evidence, natural history, Chronic illness, clinician, Perspective, effort, acute COVID-19, Multiple, genetic background, human endogenous retroviruses, retrovirus, complex interaction, sclerosis, HERVs, triggering, endogenous, environmental factor, current, ENhance, Occurrence, interfere, dissect, pathophysiological, with COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 Multiple, sclerosis,