T cells are essential for eradicating microorganisms and cancer and for tissue repair, have a pro-cognitive role in the brain, and limit Central Nervous System (CNS) inflammation and damage upon injury and infection. However, in aging, chronic infections, acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, cancer, chronic stress, depression and major injury/trauma, T cells are often scarce, exhausted, senescent, impaired/biased and dysfunctional. People with impaired/dysfunctional T cells are at high risk of infections, cancer, other diseases, and eventually mortality, and become multi-level burden on other people, organizations and societies. It is suggested that “Nerve-Driven Immunity” and “Personalized Adoptive Neuro-Immunotherapy” may overcome this problem. Natural Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides: Glutamate, Dopamine, GnRH-II, CGRP, Neuropeptide Y, Somatostatin and others, bind their well-characterized receptors expressed on the cell surface of naïve/resting T cells and induce multiple direct, beneficial, and therapeutically relevant effects. These Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides can induce/increase: gene expression, cytokine secretion, integrin-mediated adhesion, chemotactic migration, extravasation, proliferation, and killing of cancer. Moreover, we recently found that some of these Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides also induce rapid and profound decrease of PD-1 in human T cells. By inducing these beneficial effects in naïve/resting T cells at different times after binding their receptors ( i.e . NOT by single effect/mechanism/pathway), these Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides by themselves can activate, rejuvenate, and improve T cells. “Personalized Adaptive Neuro-Immunotherapy” is a novel method for rejuvenating and improving T cells safely and potently by Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides, consisting of personalized diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. The patient’s scarce and/or dysfunctional T cells are activated ex vivo once by pre-selected Neurotransmitters and/or Neuropeptides, tested, and re-inoculated to the patient’s body. Neuro-Immunotherapy can be actionable and repeated whenever needed, and allows other treatments. This adoptive Neuro-Immunotherapy calls for testing its safety and efficacy in clinical trials.
【저자키워드】 T cells, Immunotherapy, Dopamine, Neurotransmitters, Neuropeptides, Glutamate, Nerve-Driven Immunity, Adoptive Cell Therapy, 【초록키워드】 Inflammation, Efficacy, Gene Expression, Depression, Mortality, Stress, aging, T cells, Immunotherapy, SARS-COV-2 infection, Cancer, Infection, diagnostic, clinical trials, cytokine, Brain, PD-1, organization, Dopamine, T cell, Migration, infections, therapeutic, microorganisms, receptor, CNS, trauma, tissue repair, Neurotransmitters, Neuropeptides, Glutamate, binding, microorganism, protocols, integrin, Injury, high risk, proliferation, the cell, Somatostatin, Neuropeptide Y, Ex vivo, natural, GnRH, other diseases, cell surface, damage, other treatments, organizations, acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, chronic infections, killing, cytokine secretion, extravasation, Effect, repeated, Effects, System, Neuropeptide, limit, Cell, decrease, nervous, neurotransmitter, IMPROVE, tested, activated, expressed, overcome, suggested, induce, activate, senescent, chemotactic, integrin-mediated, 【제목키워드】 T cells, Neuropeptide, neurotransmitter, Can, Rejuvenation,