As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, the authorization of vaccines for emergency use has been crucial in slowing down the rate of infection and transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19. In order to investigate the longitudinal serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 natural infection and vaccination, a large-scale, multi-year serosurveillance program entitled SPARTA (SARS SeroPrevalence and Respiratory Tract Assessment) was initiated at 4 locations in the U.S. The serological assay presented here measuring IgG binding to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) detected antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination with a 95.5% sensitivity and a 95.9% specificity. We used this assay to screen more than 3100 participants and selected 20 previously infected pre-immune and 32 immunologically naïve participants to analyze their antibody binding to RBD and viral neutralization (VN) responses following vaccination with two doses of either the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 or the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine. Vaccination not only elicited a more robust immune reaction than natural infection, but the level of neutralizing and anti-RBD antibody binding after vaccination is also significantly higher in pre-immune participants compared to immunologically naïve participants ( p <0.0033). Furthermore, the administration of the second vaccination did not further increase the neutralizing or binding antibody levels in pre-immune participants ( p =0.69). However, ~46% of the immunologically naïve participants required both vaccinations to seroconvert.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, vaccination, neutralization, Antibody Response, immunization, pre-immune, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, IgG, Vaccine, SARS-COV-2 infection, COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 virus, Transmission, Receptor binding domain, BNT162b2, sensitivity, specificity, Antibody binding, Viral, Serological assay, RBD, response, Neutralizing, viral neutralization, respiratory, assessment, natural infection, Pfizer-BioNTech, binding, Emergency use, serological response, administration, dose, anti-RBD, binding antibody, second vaccination, naïve, participant, authorization, seroconvert, immune reaction, Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine, SPARTA, robust, tract, selected, detected antibody, required, significantly higher, initiated, cause, elicited, immunologically, rate of infection, the SARS-CoV-2, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, 【제목키워드】 Human, mRNA, response,