Objectives Our objective was to determine the antibody and cytokine profiles in different COVID-19 patients. Methods COVID-19 patients with different clinical classifications were enrolled in this study. The level of IgG antibodies, IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgG subclasses targeting N and S proteins were tested using ELISA. Neutralizing antibody titers were determined by using a toxin neutralization assay (TNA) with live SARS-CoV-2. The concentrations of 8 cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, CCL2, CXCL10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, were measured using the Protein Sample Ella-Simple ELISA system. The differences in antibodies and cytokines between severe and moderate patients were compared by t-tests or Mann-Whitney tests. Results A total of 79 COVID-19 patients, including 49 moderate patients and 30 severe patients, were enrolled. Compared with those in moderate patients, neutralizing antibody and IgG-S antibody titers in severe patients were significantly higher. The concentration of IgG-N antibody was significantly higher than that of IgG-S antibody in COVID-19 patients. There was a significant difference in the distribution of IgG subclass antibodies between moderate patients and severe patients. The positive ratio of anti-S protein IgG3 is significantly more than anti-N protein IgG3, while the anti-S protein IgG4 positive rate is significantly less than the anti-N protein IgG4 positive rate. IL-2 was lower in COVID-19 patients than in healthy individuals, while IL-4, IL-6, CCL2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were higher in COVID-19 patients than in healthy individuals. IL-6 was significantly higher in severe patients than in moderate patients. The antibody level of anti-S protein was positively correlated with the titer of neutralizing antibody, but there was no relationship between cytokines and neutralizing antibody. Conclusions Our findings show the severe COVID-19 patients’ antibody levels were stronger than those of moderate patients, and a cytokine storm is associated with COVID-19 severity. There was a difference in immunoglobulin type between anti-S protein antibodies and anti-N protein antibodies in COVID-19 patients. And clarified the value of the profile in critical prevention.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, neutralizing antibody, SARS-CoV-2, cytokine, immunoglobulin type, 【초록키워드】 neutralizing antibody, IgG, IgM, Cytokine storm, Cytokines, severe COVID-19, S protein, antibody, IL-6, CXCL10, severity, COVID-19 severity, cytokine, ELISA, IgG subclasses, Protein, IgE, Immunoglobulin, Neutralization assay, IgG antibodies, IgA, titer, Patient, Antibody titer, IgG3, Severe patient, IL-10, distribution, Critical, moderate, positive rate, patients, cytokine profile, COVID-19 patients, Antibody titers, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, Concentration, COVID-19 patient, IgG4, determined by, significant difference, severe patients, profile, CCL2, healthy individuals, neutralizing antibody titers, t-test, S proteins, live SARS-CoV-2, positive, Mann-Whitney, anti-S, T-tests, N and S proteins, anti-S protein antibodies, objective, Result, enrolled, tested, Sample, significantly more, significantly, less, determine, significantly higher, were measured, anti-S protein antibody, IgG subclasse, in healthy individuals, positively correlated, with COVID-19,