Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in hundreds of millions of infections and millions of deaths worldwide. Preliminary results exhibited excellent efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in preventing hospitalization and severe disease. However, data on inactivated vaccine-induced immune responses of naturally infected patients are limited. Here, we characterized SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific IgG (anti-S-RBD IgG) and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 wild type and variants of concerns (VOCs), as well as RBD-specific IgG-secreting B cells and antigen-specific T cells respectively in 51 SARS-CoV-2 recovered subjects and 63 healthy individuals. In SARS-CoV-2 recovered patients, a single dose vaccine is sufficient to reactivate robust anti-S-RBD IgG and NAbs. The neutralizing capacity against VOCs increased significantly post-vaccination no matter healthy individuals or SARS-CoV-2 recovered patients. In addition, RBD-specific IgG-secreting B cells in SARS-CoV-2 recovered patients were significantly higher than that in healthy vaccine recipients. After the vaccine booster, the frequencies of specific IFN-γ + CD4 + T cell, IL-2 + CD4 + T cell, and TNF-α + CD4 + T cell responses were significantly increased in SARS-CoV-2 recovered patients. Our data highlighted the safety and utility of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine and demonstrated that robust humoral and cellular immune response can be reactivated by one-dose inactivated vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 recovered patients.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine; VOCs; immune responses; long-term convalescent.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, immune responses, VOCs, SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, long-term convalescent., 【초록키워드】 neutralizing antibody, SARS-CoV-2, IgG, Efficacy, Vaccine, Hospitalization, Neutralizing antibodies, VoC, Cellular immune response, T cells, Infection, variants of concern, CD4, variants, immune, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, Antigen, B cell, T cell, Antigen-specific T cells, Inactivated vaccine, immune responses, T cell responses, VOCs, death, neutralizing capacity, recovered patients, convalescent, utility, wild type, T cell response, booster, inactivated, single dose, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, Frequency, severe disease, humoral, SARS-CoV-2 RBD, antigen-specific T cell, frequencies, recipients, subject, healthy individuals, NAbs, RBD IgG, anti-S, vaccine-induced immune response, RBD-specific IgG, robust, significantly increased, recovered patient, caused, significantly, healthy, addition, exhibited, characterized, demonstrated, infected patient, significantly higher, the vaccine, healthy individual, 【제목키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, vaccination, Cellular immune response, convalescent, inactivated, humoral, individual,