Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global public health crisis. Effective COVID-19 vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Astra Zeneca have made significant impacts in controlling the COVID-19 burden, especially in reducing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and hospitalization incidences. In view of the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccines developed against the Wuhan strain were less effective against the variants. Neutralizing antibodies produced by B cells are a critical component of adaptive immunity, particularly in neutralizing viruses by blocking virus attachment and entry into cells. Therefore, the identification of protective linear B-cell epitopes can guide epitope-based peptide designs. This study reviews the identification of SARS-CoV-2 B-cell epitopes within the spike, membrane and nucleocapsid proteins that can be incorporated as potent B-cell epitopes into peptide vaccine constructs. The bioinformatic approach offers a new in silico strategy for the mapping and identification of potential B-cell epitopes and, upon in vivo validation, would be useful for the rapid development of effective multi-epitope-based vaccines. Potent B-cell epitopes were identified from the analysis of three-dimensional structures of monoclonal antibodies in a complex with SARS-CoV-2 from literature mining. This review provides significant insights into the elicitation of potential neutralizing antibodies by potent B-cell epitopes, which could advance the development of multi-epitope peptide vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords: B-cell epitope; SARS-CoV-2; spike protein; vaccine.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, Spike protein, vaccine., B-cell epitope, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, viruses, neutralizing antibody, Adaptive immunity, Vaccine, coronavirus, COVID-19 vaccine, adaptive, Immunity, Hospitalization, Vaccines, Neutralizing antibodies, antibody, monoclonal antibody, B cells, peptide, in silico, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, monoclonal antibodies, virus, variants, Spike protein, nucleocapsid protein, Health crisis, B cell, Epitopes, cells, Impact, membrane, Neutralizing, B-cell epitope, respiratory, in vivo, B-cell epitopes, epitope, Critical, Pfizer-BioNTech, potent, Moderna, Protective, B-cell, Analysis, acute respiratory syndrome, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, global public health, three-dimensional structure, complex, Wuhan strain, mapping, offer, transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Astra Zeneca, linear B-cell epitope, approach, effective, new SARS-CoV-2, produced, caused, virus, provide, less, reducing, multi-epitope peptide vaccine, 【제목키워드】 spike, Spike protein, identification, targeting, Eliciting, the SARS-CoV-2,