Abstract
Objectives: First, to describe SARS-CoV-2 T cell and antibody responses in a prospective cohort of healthcare workers that suffered from mild to moderate COVID-19 approximately one year ago. Second, to assess COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune responses in these prior-infected individuals.
Methods: SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike-RBD immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in blood were determined before COVID-19 vaccination with mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2-S or ChAdOx1-S, two weeks after first vaccination, and after second vaccination.
Results: 55 prior SARS-CoV-2 infected and seroconverted individuals were included. S1-specific T cell responses and anti-RBD IgG were detectable one year post SARS-CoV-2 infection: 24 spot-forming cells per 10 6 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (SFCs/10 6 PBMCs) after S1 stimulation and anti-RBD IgG concentration of 74 (IQR 36-158) IU/mL. Responses after the first and second vaccination were comparable with S1-specfic T cell responses of 198 (IQR 137-359) and 180 (IQR 103-347) SFCs/10 6 PBMCs, and IgG concentrations of 6792 (IQR 3386-15,180) and 6326 (IQR 2336-13,440) IU/mL, respectively. These responses retained up to four months after vaccination.
Conclusions: Both T cell and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 persist for up to one year after COVID-19. A second COVID-19 vaccination in prior-infected individuals did not further increase immune responses in comparison to one vaccination.
Keywords: Antibody; COVID-19; Immunity; SARS-CoV-2; T cell; Vaccination.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, vaccination, Immunity, antibody, T cell, 【초록키워드】 IgG, COVID-19 vaccine, immune response, vaccination, Healthcare workers, antibody, mRNA-1273, SARS-COV-2 infection, Antibody Response, healthcare worker, Moderate COVID-19, Peripheral blood, BNT162b2, T cell, Immunoglobulin G, COVID-19 vaccination, Immunoglobulin, mRNA, immune responses, response, T cell responses, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Mild, prospective cohort, ChAdOx1, T cell response, Blood, ChAdOx1-S, Concentration, PBMCs, Anti-RBD IgG, mononuclear cells, IgG responses, mild to moderate, IgG response, mononuclear cell, Mild to moderate COVID-19, second vaccination, infected individuals, individual, RBD IgG, Ad26, Ad26.COV2-S, first vaccination, vaccine-induced immune response, second, vaccine-induced immune responses, detectable, seroconverted, suffered, comparable, individuals, retained, IQR, spot-forming cell, 【제목키워드】 prospective cohort study, T cell, SARS-CoV-2 antibody, T cell response, booster,