Abstract
Multiple COVID-19 vaccines, representing diverse vaccine platforms, successfully protect against symptomatic COVID-19 cases and deaths. Head-to-head comparisons of T cell, B cell, and antibody responses to diverse vaccines in humans are likely to be informative for understanding protective immunity against COVID-19, with particular interest in immune memory. Here, SARS-CoV-2-spike-specific immune responses to Moderna mRNA-1273, Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2, Janssen Ad26.COV2.S, and Novavax NVX-CoV2373 were examined longitudinally for 6 months 100% of individuals made memory CD4 + T cells, with cTfh and CD4-CTL highly represented after mRNA or NVX-CoV2373 vaccination. mRNA vaccines and Ad26.COV2.S induced comparable CD8 + T cell frequencies, though only detectable in 60-67% of subjects at 6 months. A differentiating feature of Ad26.COV2.S immunization was a high frequency of CXCR3 + memory B cells. mRNA vaccinees had substantial declines in antibodies, while memory T and B cells were comparatively stable. These results may also be relevant for insights against other pathogens.
Keywords: COVID-19 vaccine; SARS-COV2; cellular immunity; humoral immunity; immune memory.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV2, COVID-19 vaccine, Humoral immunity, cellular immunity, immune memory., 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, antibodies, Vaccine, COVID-19 vaccine, immune response, vaccination, mRNA vaccine, T cells, mRNA-1273, Antibody Response, Human, memory B cells, CD4, CD8, immunization, mRNA vaccines, memory, B cell, BNT162b2, Humoral immunity, T cell, Antibody responses, COVID-19 vaccines, Ad26.COV2.S, cellular immunity, protective immunity, mRNA, symptomatic, immune responses, comparison, Pathogens, immune memory, Moderna, Pfizer/BioNTech, janssen, cellular, Frequency, deaths, Decline, humoral, NVX-CoV2373, frequencies, head, subject, COVID-19 case, individual, Ad26, Novavax, CXCR3, COV2.S, Multiple, memory T, Novavax NVX-CoV2373, vaccinee, PROTECT, examined, detectable, comparable, representing, 【제목키워드】 cellular,