Abstract
Multiple domestic and wild animal species are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cattle and swine are susceptible to experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection. The unchecked transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in animal hosts could lead to virus adaptation and the emergence of novel variants. In addition, the spillover and subsequent adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 in livestock could significantly impact food security as well as animal and public health. Therefore, it is essential to monitor livestock species for SARS-CoV-2 spillover. We developed and optimized species-specific indirect ELISAs (iELISAs) to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cattle, swine, and chickens using the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigen. Serum samples collected prior to the COVID-19 pandemic were used to determine the cut-off threshold. RBD hyperimmunized sera from cattle ( n = 3), swine ( n = 6), and chicken ( n = 3) were used as the positive controls. The iELISAs were evaluated compared to a live virus neutralization test using cattle ( n = 150), swine ( n = 150), and chicken ( n = 150) serum samples collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. The iELISAs for cattle, swine, and chicken were found to have 100% sensitivity and specificity. These tools facilitate the surveillance that is necessary to quickly identify spillovers into the three most important agricultural species worldwide.
Keywords: ELISA; SARS-CoV-2; cattle; chicken; serology; surveillance; swine.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, serology, ELISA, Surveillance, cattle, chicken, swine., 【초록키워드】 public health, serology, neutralization, SARS-COV-2 infection, COVID-19 pandemic, virus, variants, ELISA, Spike protein, Antigen, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody, Sensitivity and specificity, RBD, sera, neutralization test, animal hosts, livestock, cattle, Live virus, chicken, Animal host, lead, wild animal, serum samples, domain, Multiple, cut-off threshold, serum sample, MONITOR, transmission of SARS-CoV-2, positive controls, susceptible, identify, detect, collected, significantly, subsequent, addition, evaluated, facilitate, were used, determine, the spike protein, 【제목키워드】 validation, development,