Abstract
We describe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cell responses, soluble markers of inflammation, and antibody levels and neutralization capacity longitudinally in 70 individuals with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants represent a spectrum of illness and recovery, including some with persistent viral shedding in saliva and many experiencing post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). T cell responses remain stable for up to 9 months. Whereas the magnitude of early CD4 + T cell immune responses correlates with severity of initial infection, pre-existing lung disease is independently associated with higher long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 + T cell responses. Among participants with PASC 4 months following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptom onset, we observe a lower frequency of CD8 + T cells expressing CD107a, a marker of degranulation, in response to Nucleocapsid (N) peptide pool stimulation, and a more rapid decline in the frequency of N-specific interferon-γ-producing CD8 + T cells. Neutralizing antibody levels strongly correlate with SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 + T cell responses.
Keywords: COVID-19; PASC; SARS-CoV-2; T cell; immunity; long COVID; post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Immunity, T cell, Long COVID, PASC, post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection., 【초록키워드】 coronavirus disease, Inflammation, Saliva, Coronavirus disease 2019, coronavirus, immune response, antibody, T cells, SARS-COV-2 infection, severity, Infection, viral shedding, peptide, Lung disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, CD4, CD8, T cell, Viral, immune responses, T cell responses, antibody levels, PASC, respiratory, Spectrum, T cell response, marker, Frequency, neutralization capacity, symptom onset, acute respiratory syndrome, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, PCR-confirmed, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, individual, participant, CD107a, degranulation, initial, observé, magnitude, expressing, peptide pool, 【제목키워드】 Symptom, immune, Inflammatory response, individual, recovering from COVID-19,