Abstract
The high number of mutations in the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes its immune escape. We report a longitudinal analysis of 111 vaccinated individuals for their antibody levels up to 6 months after the third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. After the third dose, the antibody levels decline but less than after the second dose. The booster dose remarkably increases the serum ability to block wild-type or Omicron variant spike protein’s receptor-binding domain (RBD) interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, and these protective antibodies persist 3 months later. Three months after the booster dose, memory CD4 + and CD8 + T cells to the wild-type and Omicron variant are detectable in the majority of vaccinated individuals. Our data show that the third dose restores the high levels of blocking antibodies and enhances T cell responses to Omicron.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine; T cell response; adverse effects; dynamics of the immune response; spike RBD-ACE2 inhibition.
【저자키워드】 adverse effects, T cell response, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, dynamics of the immune response, spike RBD-ACE2 inhibition., 【초록키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, BNT162b2 vaccine, coronavirus, immune response, Mutation, antibody, mRNA vaccine, T cells, variant, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, omicron, CD4, CD8, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, immune, Spike protein, memory, BNT162b2, adverse effects, Protein, serum, T cell, protective antibodies, Immune escape, RBD, mRNA, T cell responses, Omicron variant, antibody levels, receptor, respiratory, booster dose, T cell response, Protective antibody, longitudinal analysis, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Interaction, dose, angiotensin, acute respiratory syndrome, blocking antibodies, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, second dose, domain, wild-type, vaccinated individuals, vaccinated individual, variant spike, ENhance, RBD-ACE2, detectable, increase, majority, less, cause, 【제목키워드】 Vaccine, variant, Protective antibody, of BNT162b2,