[Antiviral prophylaxis]

Antiviral prophylaxis in pediatric oncology and pediatric bone marrow transplantation (BMT)/stem cell transplantation (SCT) focuses herpes viruses: herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) since these viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality due to primary infection or to reactivation in long term latency. The majority of studies on antiviral prophylaxis, especially those on CMV-prophylaxis, have been conducted in adult patients. Recommendations for antiviral prophylaxis have been published recently by the German “Deutsche Gesellschaft für pädiatrische Infektiologie” and by the following American institutions and societies “Centers for Disease Control and Prevention”, “Infectious Diseases Society of America”, “American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation” who published the “Guidelines for Preventing Opportunistic Infections Among Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients”. Concerning HSV- and VZV-prophylaxis there are almost no differences between recommendations of the german society and the american institutions, however recommendations for preventing CMV-disease and CMV-recurrence do differ considerably. Controversial aspects of antiviral prophylaxis, e.g. VZV vaccination or CMV prevention, should be studied in oncology and infectious diseases working groups to define consensus in the near future.