Abstract
Patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis were among the first to receive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinations because of their increased risk for severe coronavirus disease and high case-fatality rates. By using a previously reported cohort from Germany of at-risk hemodialysis patients and healthy donors, where antibody responses were examined 3 weeks after the second vaccination, we assessed systemic cellular and humoral immune responses in serum and saliva 4 months after vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine using an interferon-γ release assay and multiplex-based IgG measurements. We further compared neutralization capacity of vaccination-induced IgG against 4 SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta) by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor-binding domain competition assay. Sixteen weeks after second vaccination, compared with 3 weeks after, cellular and humoral responses against the original SARS-CoV-2 isolate and variants of concern were substantially reduced. Some dialysis patients even had no detectable B- or T-cell responses.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; booster dose; coronavirus disease; dialysis; immunocompromised; longevity of immune response; mRNA vaccination; respiratory infections; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; vaccine-preventable diseases; variants of concern; viruses; zoonoses.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, coronavirus disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, viruses, respiratory infections, zoonoses, SARS-CoV-2, mRNA vaccination, variants of concern, dialysis, Immunocompromised, vaccine-preventable diseases, booster dose, longevity of immune response, 【초록키워드】 coronavirus disease, respiratory infections, zoonoses, IgG, mRNA vaccination, Saliva, BNT162b2 vaccine, coronavirus, immune response, vaccination, Antibody Response, variant, SARS-CoV-2 variant, interferon, Delta, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, variants, immune, dialysis, BNT162b2, serum, Cohort, Antibody responses, Hemodialysis, Humoral response, Germany, mRNA, immune responses, Patient, Immunocompromised, Gamma, Alpha, Beta, humoral immune response, respiratory, booster dose, Pfizer-BioNTech, booster, T-cell responses, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, cellular, angiotensin, neutralization capacity, Chronic hemodialysis, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, (alpha, interferon-γ, acute respiratory syndrome, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, increased risk, healthy donors, second vaccination, severe coronavirus disease, domain, Cellular and humoral responses, examined, reported, detectable, reduced, had no, receive, 【제목키워드】 mRNA, response, concern, Month,