Abstract
While the standard regimen of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 includes two doses administered 3 weeks apart, some public health authorities are spacing these doses, raising concerns about efficacy. However, data indicate that a single dose can be up to 90% effective starting 14 days post-administration. To assess the mechanisms contributing to protection, we analyzed humoral and T cell responses three weeks after a single BNT162b2 dose. We observed weak neutralizing activity elicited in SARS-CoV-2 naive individuals but strong anti-receptor binding domain and spike antibodies with Fc-mediated effector functions and cellular CD4 + T cell responses. In previously infected individuals, a single dose boosted all humoral and T cell responses, with strong correlations between T helper and antibody immunity. Our results highlight the potential role of Fc-mediated effector functions and T cell responses in vaccine efficacy. They also provide support for spacing doses to vaccinate more individuals in conditions of vaccine scarcity.
Keywords: ADCC; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; T cell responses; coronavirus; humoral responses; mRNA vaccine; neutralization; spike glycoproteins; variants.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, mRNA vaccine, neutralization, variants, spike glycoproteins, T cell responses, ADCC, humoral responses, 【초록키워드】 Efficacy, Vaccine, antibody, mRNA vaccine, neutralization, vaccine efficacy, CD4, variants, BNT162b2, Neutralizing activity, T cell, mRNA, spike glycoproteins, T cell responses, ADCC, humoral responses, correlation, mechanism, T cell response, single dose, BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, cellular, dose, humoral, Fc-mediated effector function, regimen, health authorities, Support, T helper, infected individuals, individual, Fc-mediated effector functions, binding domain, antibody immunity, doses, while, vaccinate, Administered, effective, highlight, analyzed, include, condition, contributing to, elicited, public health authority, raising, 【제목키워드】 Vaccine, antibody, T cell response, function, elicit, the SARS-CoV-2,