Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have shown remarkable clinical efficacy, but questions remain about the nature and kinetics of T cell priming. We performed longitudinal antigen-specific T cell analyses on healthy SARS-CoV-2-naive and recovered individuals prior to and following mRNA prime and boost vaccination. Vaccination induced rapid antigen-specific CD4 + T cell responses in naive subjects after the first dose, whereas CD8 + T cell responses developed gradually and were variable in magnitude. Vaccine-induced Th1 and Tfh cell responses following the first dose correlated with post-boost CD8 + T cells and neutralizing antibodies, respectively. Integrated analysis revealed coordinated immune responses with distinct trajectories in SARS-CoV-2-naive and recovered individuals. Last, whereas booster vaccination improved T cell responses in SARS-CoV-2-naive subjects, the second dose had little effect in SARS-CoV-2-recovered individuals. These findings highlight the role of rapidly primed CD4 + T cells in coordinating responses to the second vaccine dose in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals.
Keywords: AIM; SARS-CoV-2; T cells; T follicular helper; Tfh; Th1; activation induced markers; immunological memory; mRNA vaccine.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, mRNA vaccine, T cells, Th1, Immunological memory, Tfh, AIM, T follicular helper, activation induced markers, 【초록키워드】 immune response, vaccination, Neutralizing antibodies, mRNA vaccine, T cells, CD4, CD8, Immunological memory, mRNA vaccines, vaccine dose, Kinetics, T cell, mRNA, immune responses, response, T cell responses, trajectory, T cell response, booster vaccination, Clinical efficacy, Analysis, Activation, subject, second dose, first dose, naïve subjects, individual, priming, immunological, Cell, highlight, shown, performed, healthy, question, subjects, correlated, magnitude, individuals, follicular, Last, prime and boost, 【제목키워드】 mRNA vaccination, T cells, CD4, cellular immunity, humoral, Rapid induction,