Abstract
Our understanding of risk factors and interventions influencing outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to evolve, revealing advances emerging from hypotheses formed at the start of the pandemic. Epidemiologic studies have shown that asthma control, rather than a diagnosis of asthma, is a determinant of COVID-19 severity. Clinical outcomes in patients with primary immunodeficiencies, even in those with impaired cellular immunity, are variable. IL-6 has emerged as a reliable biomarker of COVID-19 severity, and large clinical trials have shown the potential for improving outcomes through inhibition of IL-6 signaling in some patients. Studies of genetic risk factors for severe COVID-19 have also revealed the importance of interferon homeostasis in the defense against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Because COVID-19 vaccines constitute the primary tool for ending this pandemic, strategies have been developed to address potential allergic and immune-mediated reactions. Here, we discuss advances in our understanding of COVID-19 risk factors and outcomes within the context of allergic and immunologic mechanisms.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; asthma; biologics; primary immunodeficiency.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Asthma, biologics, primary immunodeficiency., 【초록키워드】 coronavirus disease, Asthma, Coronavirus disease 2019, coronavirus, COVID-19 vaccine, clinical trial, pandemic, Biomarker, Risk factors, severe COVID-19, IL-6, immunodeficiency, COVID-19 severity, interferon, Primary Immunodeficiency, Diagnosis, Intervention, outcome, risk factor, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, clinical outcomes, COVID-19 vaccines, clinical, Patient, mechanisms, respiratory, patients, homeostasis, Immune-mediated, Primary immunodeficiencies, in some, Impaired Cellular Immunity, determinant, acute respiratory syndrome, Reactions, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, allergic, hypotheses, Defense, genetic risk factors, IL-6 signaling, genetic risk factor, shown, hypothese, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19 pandemic, advance,