Abstract
A combination of vaccination approaches will likely be necessary to fully control the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Here, we show that modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vectors expressing membrane-anchored pre-fusion stabilized spike (MVA/S) but not secreted S1 induced strong neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. In macaques, the MVA/S vaccination induced strong neutralizing antibodies and CD8 + T cell responses, and conferred protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection and virus replication in the lungs as early as day 2 following intranasal and intratracheal challenge. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of lung cells on day 4 after infection revealed that MVA/S vaccination also protected macaques from infection-induced inflammation and B cell abnormalities and lowered induction of interferon-stimulated genes. These results demonstrate that MVA/S vaccination induces neutralizing antibodies and CD8 + T cells in the blood and lungs and is a potential vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords: CD8 T cells; COVID-19; Modified Vaccinia Ankara; Neutralizing antibody; Protection; Rhesus macaques; SARS-CoV-2; Spike; Vaccine.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, neutralizing antibody, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccine, spike, protection, CD8 T cells, rhesus macaques, Modified Vaccinia Ankara, 【초록키워드】 neutralizing antibody, Inflammation, coronavirus, vaccination, pandemic, Neutralizing antibodies, T cells, SARS-COV-2 infection, Infection, lung, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, CD8, B cell, T cell, mice, vector, Lungs, RNA sequencing, T cell responses, vaccine candidate, virus replication, macaque, respiratory, CD8 T cells, intranasal, Neutralizing antibody response, Blood, rhesus macaques, macaques, Combination, interferon-stimulated genes, Analysis, acute respiratory syndrome, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, abnormality, vaccinia, lung cells, pre-fusion, approach, lung cell, induce, expressing, secreted, the lungs a, 【제목키워드】 pathology, Vaccine, lung, immune, macaque, dysfunction, PROTECT,