Abstract
Introduction : Knowledge of the oral manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the new coronavirus causing the COVID-19 pandemic, was hindered due to the restrictions issued to avoid proximity between people and to stop the rapid spread of the disease, which ultimately results in a hyperinflammatory cytokine storm that can cause death. Because periodontal disease is one of the most frequent inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, various theories have emerged postulating periodontal disease as a risk factor for developing severe complications associated with COVID-19. This motivated various studies to integrate questions related to periodontal status. For the present work, we used a previously validated self-report, which is a useful tool for facilitating epidemiological studies of periodontal disease on a large scale. Methodology : A blinded case-control study with participants matched 1:1 by mean age (37.7 years), sex, tobacco habits and diseases was conducted. After the diagnostic samples for SARS-CoV-2 detection were taken in an ad hoc location at Guadalajara University, the subjects were interviewed using structured questionnaires to gather demographic, epidemiological and COVID-19 symptom information. The self-reported periodontal disease (Self-RPD) questionnaire included six questions, and subjects who met the criteria with a score ≥ 2 were considered to have periodontal disease. Results : In total, 369 participants were recruited, with 117 participants included in each group. After indicating the subjects who had self-reported periodontal disease, a statistically significant difference ( p value ≤ 0.001) was observed, showing that self-reported periodontal disease (n = 95, 85.1%) was higher in SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals than in controls (n = 66, 56.4%), with an OR of 3.3 (1.8-6.0) for SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with self-reported periodontal disease. Cases reported a statistically higher median of symptoms (median = 7.0, Q 1 = 5.5, Q 3 = 10.0) than controls ( p value ≤ 0.01), and cases with positive self-RPD had a significantly ( p value ≤ 0.05) higher number of symptoms (median = 8.0, Q 1 = 6.0, Q 3 = 10.0) in comparison with those who did negative self-RPD (median = 6.0, Q 1 = 5.0, Q 3 = 8.0). Conclusions : According to this study, self-reported periodontal disease could be considered a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and these individuals present more symptoms.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; case-control studies; periodontal disease; self-report.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, periodontal disease, case-control studies, self-report., 【초록키워드】 Inflammatory diseases, coronavirus, SARS-COV-2 infection, COVID-19 pandemic, diagnostic, Sex, cytokine, Symptom, risk factor, Symptoms, Spread, SARS-CoV-2 detection, Control, death, Case-control, age, epidemiological, methodology, oral manifestations, periodontal disease, information, university, disease, questionnaire, case-control study, case-control studies, New coronavirus, manifestation, oral cavity, criteria, COVID-19 symptom, p value, ad hoc, subject, epidemiological studies, individual, statistically significant difference, participant, severe complications, Epidemiological study, positive, inflammatory disease, SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals, hyperinflammatory cytokine storm, Result, blinded, significantly, recruited, reported, the disease, conducted, median, question, statistically, severe complication, 1:1, number of symptom, SARS-CoV-2-positive individual, with COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 periodontal,