Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifests with a range of severities, but immune signatures of mild and severe disease are still not fully understood. Here, we use mass cytometry and targeted proteomics to profile the innate immune response of patients with mild or severe COVID-19 and of healthy individuals. Sampling at different stages allows us to reconstruct a pseudo-temporal trajectory of the innate response. A surge of CD169 + monocytes associated with an IFN-γ + MCP-2 + signature rapidly follows symptom onset. At later stages, we observe a persistent inflammatory phenotype in patients with severe disease, dominated by high CCL3 and CCL4 abundance correlating with the re-appearance of CD16 + monocytes, whereas the response of mild COVID-19 patients normalizes. Our data provide insights into the dynamic nature of inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients and identify sustained innate immune responses as a likely mechanism in severe patients, thus supporting the investigation of targeted interventions in severe COVID-19.
Keywords: CCL3; CD169; COVID-19; MIP1α; SARS-CoV-2; emergency granulopoiesis; inflammation; innate immune response; mass cytometry; monocytes; proteomics; sialoadhesin.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Monocytes, SARS-CoV-2, Inflammation, proteomics, innate immune response, CCL3, CD169, MIP1α, emergency granulopoiesis, mass cytometry, sialoadhesin., 【초록키워드】 coronavirus disease, Monocytes, proteomics, Coronavirus disease 2019, innate immune response, severe COVID-19, Inflammatory responses, monocyte, immune responses, Patient, Mild, trajectory, sampling, mechanism, targeted intervention, COVID-19 patients, IFN-γ, CCL3, CD169, CD16, innate immune, Inflammatory response, severe disease, COVID-19 patient, Cytometry, symptom onset, innate response, severe patients, stages, healthy individuals, appearance, Stage, inflammatory phenotype, mild COVID-19 patients, targeted interventions, signature, mild or severe Covid-19, CCL4, sialoadhesin, immune signature, observé, identify, sustained, mild COVID-19 patient, 【제목키워드】 progression, Mild, innate immune,