Abstract
Background: Besides the well-accepted role in lipid metabolism, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) also seems to participate in host immune response against infectious diseases.
Objective: We used a quantitative proteomic approach to test the hypothesis that alterations in HDL proteome associate with severity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methods: Based on clinical criteria, subjects (n=41) diagnosed with COVID-19 were divided into two groups: a group of subjects presenting mild symptoms and a second group displaying severe symptoms and requiring hospitalization. Using a proteomic approach, we quantified the levels of 29 proteins in HDL particles derived from these subjects.
Results: We showed that the levels of serum amyloid A 1 and 2 (SAA1 and SAA2, respectively), pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B (SFTPB), apolipoprotein F (APOF), and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 (ITIH4) were increased by more than 50% in hospitalized patients, independently of sex, HDL-C or triglycerides when comparing with subjects presenting only mild symptoms. Altered HDL proteins were able to classify COVID-19 subjects according to the severity of the disease (error rate 4.9%). Moreover, apolipoprotein M (APOM) in HDL was inversely associated with odds of death due to COVID-19 complications (odds ratio [OR] per 1-SD increase in APOM was 0.27, with 95% confidence interval [CI] of 0.07 to 0.72, P=0.007).
Conclusion: Our results point to a profound inflammatory remodeling of HDL proteome tracking with severity of COVID-19 infection. They also raise the possibility that HDL particles could play an important role in infectious diseases.
Keywords: COVID-19; HDL; Infection; Quantitative proteomics.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Infection, HDL, Quantitative proteomics., 【초록키워드】 coronavirus disease, proteomics, Coronavirus disease 2019, Infectious diseases, Diseases, Hospitalization, severity, Sex, hospitalized patients, COVID-19 complications, metabolism, Particle, Protein, Host immune response, COVID-19 infection, severity of COVID-19, Triglyceride, death, proteome, inhibitor, Quantitative, mild symptoms, proteomic, High-density lipoprotein, Hypothesis, Inflammatory, triglycerides, lipid metabolism, Odds ratio, amyloid A, heavy chain, Pulmonary Surfactant, Mild symptom, two groups, 95% confidence interval, subject, alteration, HDL-C, severe symptoms, serum amyloid, clinical criteria, error rate, Saa1, SAA2, high-density, approach, apoM, APOF, ITIH4, SFTPB, raise, the disease, subjects, increase in, displaying, presenting, severe symptom, quantified, Altered, COVID-19 complication, diagnosed with COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 severity, proteome, with COVID-19,