Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues as a global pandemic. Patients with lung cancer infected with COVID-19 may develop severe disease or die. Treating such patients severely burdens overwhelmed healthcare systems. Here, we identified potential pathological mechanisms shared between patients with COVID-19 and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Co-expressed, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in patients with COVID-19 and LUAD were identified and used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and to perform enrichment analysis. We used the NetworkAnalyst platform to establish a co-regulatory of the co-expressed DEGs, and we used Spearman’s correlation to evaluate the significance of associations of hub genes with immune infiltration and immune checkpoints. Analysis of three datasets identified 112 shared DEGs, which were used to construct a protein-PPI network. Subsequent enrichment analysis revealed co-expressed genes related to biological process (BP), molecular function (MF), and cellular component (CC) as well as to pathways, specific organs, cells, and diseases. Ten co-expressed hub genes were employed to construct a gene-miRNA, transcription factor (TF)-gene, and TF-miRNA network. Hub genes were significantly associated with immune infiltration and immune checkpoints. Finally, methylation level of hub genes in LUAD was obtained via UALCAN database. The present multi-dimensional study reveals commonality in specific gene expression by patients with COVID-19 and LUAD. These findings provide insights into developing strategies for optimising the management and treatment of patients with LUAD with COVID-19.
Keywords: Bioinformatics; COVID-19; Differentially expressed genes; Gene regulatory networks; Lung adenocarcinoma; SARS-CoV-2.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, bioinformatics, Gene regulatory networks, SARS-CoV-2., lung adenocarcinoma, Differentially expressed genes, 【초록키워드】 Treatment, coronavirus disease, SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus disease 2019, Diseases, Gene Expression, bioinformatics, hub genes, immune infiltration, lung cancer, database, immune, global pandemic, Regulatory, cells, management, Patient, lung adenocarcinoma, dataset, molecular, correlation, enrichment analysis, Differentially expressed genes, platform, protein-protein interaction, differentially expressed gene, Methylation, association, hub gene, PPI, Pathways, severe disease, transcription factor, Healthcare systems, organs, DEGs, biological process, Spearman, pathological mechanism, treating, cellular component, commonality, develop, evaluate, significantly, were used, expressed, reveal, co-expressed, was obtained, infected with COVID-19, patients with COVID-19, with COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 Patient, Coronavirus 2019, gene signature, approach, identify,