Abstract
Objectives: Galectin-3 is β-galactoside-binding lectin with several roles in immune-inflammatory response. To date, there is no evidence of Galectin-3 role as a prognostic biomarker in COVID-19 disease. The aim of this study is to clarify the prognostic role of Galectin-3 in patients with COVID 19 acute respiratory failure.
Methods: We enrolled 156 consecutive patients with COVID-19 disease. Routine laboratory test, arterial blood gas, chest X-ray or Computed Tomography and Galectin-3 dosage were performed. The primary outcome was to assess Galectin-3 predictive power for 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were 30-day Intensive Care Unit admission and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome stratification according to Galectin-3 dosage. We performed Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests for continuous variables comparison. Fisher’s exact test or Chi-square test were used for categorical variables analysis. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves estimated Galectin-3 predictive power for the endpoints. With a fixed cut-off of 35.3 ng/ml, Kaplan-Meier with Log-Rank test and Cox Regression were performed to assess mortality and Intensive Care Unit admission risk.
Results: Galectin-3 correlated with many other prognostic predictors tested in our analysis. Moreover, patients with serum levels of Galectin-3 above 35.3 ng/ml had increased risk for mortality, Intensive Care Unit admission and severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the role of Galectin-3 as a predictor of mortality, Intensive Care Unit access and ARDS stratification in patients with COVID 19 acute respiratory failure.
Keywords: ARDS; ICU; Inflammation; Lung injury; Viral pneumonia.
【저자키워드】 Inflammation, ARDS, Lung injury, ICU, Viral pneumonia, 【초록키워드】 Stratification, Respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS, Respiratory failure, Mortality, acute respiratory distress syndrome, Pneumonia, intensive care unit, Acute respiratory failure, risk, Lung injury, outcome, Laboratory, COVID-19 disease, COVID 19, Computed tomography, Viral pneumonia, Viral, Patient, galectin-3, chest X-ray, predictor, prognostic, respiratory, disease, Admission, prognostic biomarker, Blood, 30-Day mortality, intensive care unit admission, Evidence, Inflammatory response, Analysis, endpoints, Cox regression, Regression, Laboratory test, evidence of, no evidence of, respiratory distress, receiver operating characteristic, chi-square test, arterial blood, arterial blood gas, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, Primary outcome, blood gas, Serum level, increased risk, Secondary outcomes, dosage, serum levels, Kruskal-Wallis test, log-rank test, receiver, routine, cut-off, Kaplan-Meier, predictive power, Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Fisher, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, secondary, categorical variable, continuous variable, galactoside, Kruskal-Wallis tests, enrolled, tested, performed, were used, correlated, fixed, consecutive patient, with COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 patients with COVID-19,