Abstract
Recent publications on the probable role of heparin-binding protein (HBP) as a biomarker in sepsis prompted us to investigate its diagnostic and prognostic performance in severe COVID-19. HBP and IL-6 were measured by immunoassays at admission and on day 7 in 178 patients with pneumonia by SARS-CoV-2. Patients were classified into non-sepsis and sepsis as per the Sepsis-3 definitions and were followed up for the development of severe respiratory failure (SRF) and for outcome. Results were confirmed by multivariate analyses. HBP was significantly higher in patients classified as having sepsis and was negatively associated with the oxygenation ratio and positively associated with creatinine and lactate. Logistic regression analysis evidenced admission HBP more than 18 ng/ml and IL-6 more than 30 pg/ml as independent risk factors for the development of SRP. Their integration prognosticated SRF with respective sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive 59.1%, 96.3%, 83.9%, and 87.8%. Cox regression analysis evidenced admission HBP more than 35 ng/ml and IL-6 more than 30 pg/ml as independent risk factors for 28-day mortality. Their integration prognosticated 28-day mortality with respective sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value 69.2%, 92.7%, 42.9%, and 97.5%. HBP remained unchanged over-time course. A prediction score of the disposition of patients with COVID-19 is proposed taking into consideration admission levels of IL-6 and HBP. Using different cut-offs, the score may predict the likelihood for SRF and for 28-day outcome.
Keywords: COVID-19; Heparin-binding protein; Interleukin-6; Mortality; Prognosis; Respiratory failure.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Respiratory failure, Mortality, Prognosis, interleukin-6, Heparin-binding protein, 【초록키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, Biomarker, Respiratory failure, severe COVID-19, Prognosis, Pneumonia, IL-6, severe respiratory failure, diagnostic, 28-day mortality, interleukin-6, Sepsis, outcome, heparin, Predictive value, immunoassays, Protein, immunoassay, sensitivity, specificity, interleukin, Positive predictive value, Patient, prognostic, respiratory, Admission, predict, Lactate, creatinine, Negative predictive value, Oxygenation, Predictive, regression analysis, Logistic regression analysis, independent risk factors, Cox regression analysis, multivariate analyses, independent risk factor, cut-offs, disposition, recent, likelihood, Course, Result, remained, significantly higher, evidenced, were measured, patients with COVID-19, patients with pneumonia, SRF, 【제목키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, interleukin-6, Protein, integration,