Abstract
Respiratory infections with newly emerging zoonotic viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, often lead to the perturbation of the human innate and adaptive immune responses causing severe disease with high mortality. The responsible mechanisms are commonly virus-specific and often include either over-activated or delayed local interferon responses, which facilitate efficient viral replication in the primary target organ, systemic viral spread, and rapid onset of organ-specific and harmful inflammatory responses. Despite the distinct replication strategies, human infections with SARS-CoV-2 and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses demonstrate remarkable similarities and differences regarding the mechanisms of immune induction, disease dynamics, as well as the long-term sequelae, which will be discussed in this review. In addition, we will highlight some important lessons about the effectiveness of antiviral and immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies that this pandemic has taught us.
Keywords: COVID-19; highly pathogenic avian influenza; systemic inflammation; viral infection.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Viral infection., systemic inflammation, highly pathogenic avian influenza, 【초록키워드】 respiratory infections, SARS-CoV-2, viral infection, pandemic, Inflammatory responses, Antiviral, Influenza, Infection, interferon, Local, viral spread, immune, Replication, viral replication, immune responses, zoonotic, immunomodulatory, Effectiveness, influenza viruses, systemic inflammation, Adaptive immune response, respiratory, disease, mechanism, therapeutic strategy, severe disease, similarity, Perturbation, Avian Influenza, target organ, high mortality, human infection, human infections, etiological agent, organ, highly pathogenic, responses, highlight, responsible, virus, include, addition, facilitate, influenza virus, organ-specific, 【제목키워드】 systemic, lesson,