Abstract
Crude polysaccharides, extracted from two seaweed species ( Hizikia fusiforme and Sargassum horneri ) and Haliotis discus hannai (abalone) viscera, were evaluated for their inhibitory effect against SARS-CoV-2 propagation. Plaque titration revealed that these crude polysaccharides efficiently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 propagation with IC 50 values ranging from 0.35 to 4.37 μg/mL. The crude polysaccharide of H. fusiforme showed the strongest antiviral effect, with IC 50 of 0.35 μg/mL, followed by S. horneri and abalone viscera with IC 50 of 0.56 and 4.37 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, immunofluorescence assay, western blot, and quantitative RT-PCR analysis verified that these polysaccharides could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication. In Vero E6 cells, treatment with these crude polysaccharides before or after viral infection strongly inhibited the expression level of SARS-CoV-2 spikes, nucleocapsid proteins, and RNA copies of RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase and nucleocapsid. These results show that these crude marine polysaccharides effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 propagation by interference with viral entry.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; abalone viscera; antiviral activity; polysaccharide; seaweed.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, antiviral activity, abalone viscera, polysaccharide, seaweed., 【초록키워드】 Treatment, viral infection, Antiviral, antiviral activity, viral entry, Antiviral effect, Replication, nucleocapsid, RNA copies, western blot, immunofluorescence assay, VERO E6 cells, seaweed, polysaccharide, Quantitative, SARS-CoV-2 replication, Interference, Vero E6, followed by, expression level, inhibitory effect, Nucleocapsid proteins, SARS-CoV-2 propagation, polysaccharides, RT-PCR analysis, plaque, Plaque titration, SARS-CoV-2 spikes, addition, evaluated, inhibited, RNA copy, Sargassum, discus, Haliotis, inhibit SARS-CoV-2, 【제목키워드】 Propagation, Effect, viscera, Abalone,