Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global pandemic which is primarily considered a respiratory illness. However, emerging reports show that the virus exhibits both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations in humans, with the kidney as a major extra-pulmonary target due to its abundant expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine 2, which facilitate entry of the virus into cells. Acute kidney injury has become prevalent in COVID-19 patients without prior any history of kidney dysfunction. In addition, the virus also worsens kidney conditions and increases mortality of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease, renal cancer, diabetic nephropathy, end-stage kidney disease as well as dialysis and kidney transplant patients. In the search for antiviral agents for the treatment of COVID-19, hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), the third established member of gasotransmitter family, is emerging as a potential candidate, possessing important therapeutic properties including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and antioxidant properties. A recent clinical study revealed higher serum H 2 S levels in survivors of COVID-19 pneumonia with reduced interleukin-6 levels compared to fatal cases. In this review, we summarize the global impact of COVID-19 on kidney conditions and discuss the emerging role of H 2 S as a potential COVID-19 therapy.
Keywords: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2); Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); H(2)S donors; Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S); Kidney; SARS-CoV-2.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), kidney, H(2)S donors, Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, Treatment, coronavirus disease, SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19 pneumonia, therapy, Mortality, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Pneumonia, Cancer, interleukin-6, Respiratory illness, Acute kidney injury, Chronic kidney disease, protease, novel coronavirus disease, virus, antioxidant, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, dialysis, Novel coronavirus, Kidney injury, kidney, global pandemic, serum, cells, humans, Antiviral agents, therapeutic, Renal cancer, Kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, transmembrane protease serine 2, antiviral agent, expression, patients, COVID-19 patients, kidney transplant, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, clinical study, angiotensin, COVID-19 patient, manifestation, Hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, Diabetic, Serine, enzyme, kidney dysfunction, transmembrane, renal, survivor, serine 2, prevalent, nephropathy, SULFIDE, caused, addition, reduced, facilitate, condition, increase, exhibit, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, potential therapy, consequence,