Abstract
Many diverse strategies allow and facilitate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to evade antiviral innate immune mechanisms. Although the type I interferon (IFN) system has a critical role in restricting the dissemination of viral infection, suppression of IFN receptor signals by SARS-CoV-2 constitutes a checkpoint that plays an important role in the immune escape of the virus. Environmental pollution not only facilitates SARS-CoV-2 infection but also increases infection-associated fatality risk, which arises due to Systemic Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Activation Syndrome. The intracellular accumulation of endogenous kynurenic acid due to overexpression of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) by AhR activation induces AhR-interleukin-6 (IL-6)-signal transducers and activators of the transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. The AhR-IDO1-Kynurenine pathway is an important checkpoint, which leads to fatal consequences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune evasion in the context of Treg/Th17 imbalance and cytokine storm.
Keywords: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; Environmental pollution; Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; Interferons; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
【저자키워드】 interferons, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2., Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Environmental pollution, Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, 【초록키워드】 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, viral infection, Cytokine storm, coronavirus, Antiviral, IL-6, SARS-COV-2 infection, Transcription, interferons, interleukin-6, risk, cytokine, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, virus, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, type I interferon, immune evasion, interleukin, Viral, Immune escape, pathway, Kynurenine, IFN, mechanisms, signaling pathway, receptor, respiratory, dissemination, Critical, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, fatality, Kynurenic acid, innate immune, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Environmental pollution, Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, angiotensin, systemic, leads, STAT3, acute respiratory syndrome, Activation, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, enzyme, suppression, overexpression, aryl hydrocarbon, aryl, consequence, IDO1, dioxygenase, facilitate, increase, induce, evade, arise, IDO, 【제목키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, Environmental pollution,