Abstract
The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is rapidly spreading globally. Clinical observations found that systemic symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection are attenuated when using the anticoagulant agent heparin, indicating that heparin may play other roles in managing COVID-19, in addition to prevention of pulmonary thrombosis. Several biochemical studies show strong binding of heparin and heparin-like molecules to the Spike protein, which resulted in inhibition of viral infection to cells. The clinical observations and in vitro studies argue for a potential multiple-targeting effects of heparin. However, adverse effects of heparin administration and some of the challenges using heparin therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection need to be considered. This review discusses the pharmacological mechanisms of heparin regarding its anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and direct antiviral activities, providing current evidence concerning the effectiveness and safety of heparin therapy for this major public health emergency.
Keywords: Anti-inflammation; Anticoagulation; Antivirus; COVID-19; Heparin; SARS-CoV-2.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, anticoagulation, Anti-inflammation, heparin, SARS-CoV-2., antivirus, 【초록키워드】 coronavirus disease, SARS-CoV-2, viral infection, Coronavirus disease 2019, coronavirus, therapy, anticoagulation, thrombosis, Anti-inflammatory, SARS-COV-2 infection, Infection, Anti-inflammation, heparin, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, Spike protein, adverse effects, Protein, Viral, cells, clinical, Effectiveness, public health emergency, respiratory, disease, binding, clinical observations, Anticoagulant, Evidence, pharmacological mechanism, administration, pandemic coronavirus, antiviral activities, pulmonary thrombosis, observation, adverse effect, acute respiratory syndrome, biochemical, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, in vitro study, systemic symptoms, Effect, caused, addition, concerning, the Spike, anticoagulant agent, clinical observation, systemic symptom, 【제목키워드】 landscape, Comprehensive,