Abstract
The outbreak of a novel coronavirus associated with acute respiratory disease, called COVID-19, marked the introduction of the third spillover of an animal coronavirus (CoV) to humans in the last two decades. The genome analysis with various bioinformatics tools revealed that the causative pathogen (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the subgenus Sarbecovirus of the genus Betacoronavirus, with highly similar genome as bat coronavirus and receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike glycoprotein as Malayan pangolin coronavirus. Based on its genetic proximity, SARS-CoV-2 is likely to have originated from bat-derived CoV and transmitted to humans via an unknown intermediate mammalian host, probably Malayan pangolin. Further, spike protein S1/S2 cleavage site of SARS-CoV-2 has acquired polybasic furin cleavage site which is absent in bat and pangolin suggesting natural selection either in an animal host before zoonotic transfer or in humans following zoonotic transfer. In the current review, we recapitulate a preliminary opinion about the disease, origin and life cycle of SARS-CoV-2, roles of virus proteins in pathogenesis, commonalities, and differences between different corona viruses. Moreover, the crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 proteins with unique characteristics differentiating it from other CoVs are discussed. Our review also provides comprehensive information on the molecular aspects of SARS-CoV-2 including secondary structures in the genome and protein-protein interactions which can be useful to understand the aggressive spread of the SARS-CoV-2. The mutations and the haplotypes reported in the SARS-CoV-2 genome are summarized to understand the virus evolution.
Keywords: ACE2; SARS-CoV-2; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; pandemic coronavirus; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
【저자키워드】 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, pandemic coronavirus, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, viruses, Evolution, coronavirus, pandemic, Mutation, Pathogenesis, furin, Human, Genome, Genetic, Virus evolution, bioinformatics, spike glycoprotein, haplotypes, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, virus, Betacoronavirus, Spike protein, Novel coronavirus, Spread, Protein, Characteristics, outbreak, RBD, SARS-CoV-2 genome, furin cleavage site, zoonotic, natural selection, CoV, genome analysis, molecular, crystal structure, information, protein-protein interaction, sarbecovirus, Haplotype, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, pandemic coronavirus, pangolin, Analysis, angiotensin, secondary structure, Animal host, SARS-CoV-2 proteins, S1/S2 cleavage site, acute respiratory disease, crystal structures, life cycle, secondary structures, acute respiratory syndrome, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, enzyme, domain, CoVs, transfer, genus, causative pathogen, SARS-CoV-2 protein, mammalian, subgenus, Host, genus Betacoronavirus, reported, transmitted, the disease, provide, unique, polybasic, the SARS-CoV-2, the SARS-CoV-2 genome, 【제목키워드】 pandemic,