Abstract
Therapeutic clinical and preclinical studies using cultured cells are on the rise, especially now that the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a “public health emergency of international concern”, in January, 2020. Thus, this study aims to review the outcomes of ongoing clinical studies on stem cells in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). The results will be associated with possible applications to COVID-19. Only three clinical trials related to stem cells are considered complete, whereby two are in Phase 1 and one is in Phase 2. Basically, the ongoing studies on coronavirus are using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow or the umbilical cord to demonstrate their feasibility, safety, and tolerability. The studies not related to coronavirus are all in ARDS conditions; four of them are in Phase 1 and three in Phase 2. With the COVID-19 boom, many clinical trials are being carried out using different sources with an emphasis on MSC-based therapy used to inhibit inflammation. One of the biggest challenges in the current treatment of COVID-19 is the cytokine storm, however MSCs can prevent or mitigate this cytokine storm through their immunomodulatory capacity. We look forward to the results of the ongoing clinical trials to find a treatment for the disease. Researchers around the world are joining forces to help fight COVID-19. Stem cells used in the current clinical studies are a new therapeutic promise for COVID-19 where pharmacological treatments seem insufficient.Graphical Abstract.
Keywords: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Clinical Trials; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Microvesicles; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.
【저자키워드】 acute respiratory distress syndrome, clinical trials, Mesenchymal stem cells, Microvesicles, Middle East respiratory syndrome, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, Treatment, coronavirus disease, stem cells, Inflammation, Respiratory distress syndrome, Coronavirus disease 2019, ARDS, Cytokine storm, coronavirus, clinical trial, therapy, acute respiratory distress syndrome, Umbilical cord, feasibility, Phase 2, clinical trials, Mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs, Microvesicles, cytokine, outcome, MERS, Bone marrow, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, clinical, International, immunomodulatory, therapeutic, WHO, public health emergency, respiratory, preclinical study, clinical study, MSC, Middle East respiratory syndrome, Middle East, pharmacological treatment, stem cell, Phase 1, respiratory distress, Health Organization, preclinical studies, World Health Organization, health emergency, pharmacological treatments, acute respiratory syndrome, Tolerability, cultured cells, help, Complete, mitigate, Prevent, STEM, carried, inhibit, the disease, cultured cell, the cytokine storm, umbilical, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, stem cells, review, Testing, respiratory, application, STEM, Date, Fact,