Abstract
Background: Long period of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with psychiatric and cognitive disorders in adolescents and children. SARS-CoV-2 remains dormant in the CNS leading to neurological complications. The wide expression of ACE2 in the brain raises concern for its involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Though, the mechanistic insights about blood-brain barriers (BBB) crossing by SARS-CoV-2 and further brain infection are still not clear. Moreover, the mechanism behind dormant SARS-CoV-2 infections leading to chronic neurological disorders needs to be unveiled. There is an urgent need to find out the risk factor involved in COVID-19-associated neurological disease. Therefore, the role of immune-associated genes in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 associated neurological diseases is presented which could contribute to finding associated genetic risk factors.
Method: The search utilizing multiple databases, specifically, EMBASE, PubMed (Medline), and Google Scholar was performed. Moreover, the literature survey on the involvement of COVID-19, neuropathogenesis, and its consequences was done.
Description: Persistent inflammatory stimuli may promote the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. An increased expression level of cytokine, chemokine, and decreased expression level of immune cells has been associated with the COVID-19 patient. Cytokine storm was observed in severe COVID-19 patients. The nature of SARS-CoV-2 infection can be neuroinflammatory. Genes of immune response could be associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
Conclusion: The present review will provide a useful framework and help in understanding COVID-19-associated neuropathogenesis. Experimental studies on immune-associated genes in COVID-19 patients with neurological manifestations could be helpful to establish its neuropathogenesis.
Keywords: COVID-19 disease; Cytokine storm; Immune-associated genes; Lung inflammation; SARS-CoV-2 associated neurological disease.
【저자키워드】 Cytokine storm, COVID-19 disease, Lung inflammation, Immune-associated genes, SARS-CoV-2 associated neurological disease., 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, Cytokine storm, immune response, Diseases, Pathogenesis, SARS-COV-2 infection, children, cytokine, progression, risk factor, chemokine, Brain, COVID-19 disease, neurological manifestations, immune cells, Neurological complications, persistent, Neurological disorders, CNS, expression, SARS-CoV-2 infections, mechanism, Lung inflammation, Neurological disorder, Immune cell, Neuropathogenesis, COVID-19 patient, Google Scholar, Brain infection, cognitive, Psychiatric, Neurological disease, increased expression, expression level, severe COVID-19 patients, help, pathogenesis of COVID-19, disorder, decreased expression, Neurological diseases, genetic risk factors, inflammatory stimuli, neurological manifestation, consequence, Long, raise, involved, was performed, contribute, promote, neurodegenerative, was done, dormant,