Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is caused by an RNA virus, SARS-CoV-2. The genome of SARS-CoV-2 lacks a nuclear phase in its life cycle and is replicated in the cytoplasm. However, interfering with nuclear trafficking using pharmacological inhibitors greatly reduces virus infection and virus replication of other coronaviruses is blocked in enucleated cells, suggesting a critical role of the nucleus in virus infection. Here, we summarize the alternations of nuclear pathways caused by SARS-CoV-2, including nuclear translocation pathways, innate immune responses, mRNA metabolism, epigenetic mechanisms, DNA damage response, cytoskeleton regulation, and nuclear rupture. We consider how these alternations contribute to virus replication and discuss therapeutic treatments that target these pathways, focusing on small molecule drugs that are being used in clinical studies.
Keywords: DNA damage; SARS-CoV-2; cilia; epigenetics; innate immunity; nuclear transport.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, Innate immunity, epigenetics, DNA damage, cilia, nuclear transport., 【초록키워드】 Innate immunity, COVID-19 pandemic, Genome, epigenetics, metabolism, DNA damage, DNA, cells, immune responses, pathway, Clinical studies, virus replication, small molecule, mechanisms, virus infection, RNA virus, cilia, inhibitor, Epigenetic, Critical, Pathways, cytoplasm, life cycle, Transport, Regulation, other coronaviruses, nuclear translocation, nucleus, innate immune responses, rupture, nuclear, Therapeutic treatment, pharmacological, small molecule drugs, mRNA metabolism, blocked, lack, caused, other coronavirus, contribute, replicated, greatly reduce, small molecule drug,