Abstract
Virus receptors are highly involved in mediating the entrance of infectious viruses into host cells. Here, we found that typical chemical exposure caused the upregulation of virus receptor mRNA levels. Chemicals with the same structural characteristics can affect the transcription of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ( ACE2 ), a dominant receptor of SARS-CoV-2. Some chemicals can also regulate the transcription of ACE2 by similar regulatory mechanisms, such as multilayer biological responses and the crucial role of TATA-box binding protein associated factor 6. The abovementioned finding suggested that chemical mixtures may have a joint effect on the ACE2 mRNA level in the real scenario, where humans are exposed to numerous chemicals simultaneously in daily life. Chemically regulated virus receptor transcription was in a tissue-dependent manner, with the highest sensitivity in pulmonary epithelial cells. Therefore, in addition to genetic factors, exogenous chemical exposure can be an emerging nongenetic factor that stimulates the transcription of virus receptor abundance and may elevate the protein expression. These alterations could ultimately give rise to the susceptibility to virus infection and disease severity. This finding highlights new requirements for sufficient epidemiological data about exposomes on pathogen receptors in the host.
Keywords: exogenous chemical; host susceptibility; regulatory mechanism; transcription level; virus receptor.
【저자키워드】 virus receptor, exogenous chemical, host susceptibility, regulatory mechanism, transcription level, 【초록키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, susceptibility, disease severity, Human, Genetic, Transcription, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, Regulatory, Protein, sensitivity, Characteristics, pathogen, Factors, epithelial cells, epidemiological data, mechanisms, receptor, virus infection, virus receptor, binding, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Chemical, Infectious virus, angiotensin, regulate, host susceptibility, genetic factors, host cells, dominant receptor, alteration, ACE2 mRNA, upregulation, protein expression, infectious viruses, mRNA levels, dominant, Host, Affect, highlight, joint, highest, caused, involved, addition, suggested, regulated, stimulate, biological response, 【제목키워드】 Chemical, exposure, Level, Increased, Exogenous, Involving,