Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, is a global pandemic impacting 254 million people in 190 countries. Comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension, increase the risk of infection and poor outcomes. SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor, generating inflammation and cytokine storm, often resulting in multiorgan failure. The mechanisms and effects of COVID-19 on patients with high-risk diabetes are not yet completely understood. In this review, we discuss the variety of coronaviruses, structure of SARS-CoV-2, mutations in SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, receptors associated with viral host entry, and disease progression. Furthermore, we focus on possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in diabetes, leading to inflammation and heart failure. Finally, we discuss existing therapeutic approaches, unanswered questions, and future directions.
Keywords: ACE2; SARS-CoV-2; cardiovascular; coronaviruses; inflammation.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, Coronaviruses, cardiovascular, Inflammation., 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, coronavirus disease, Inflammation, Coronavirus disease 2019, Cytokine storm, coronavirus, Mutation, Comorbidities, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, virus, hypertension, cardiovascular, global pandemic, outcomes, heart failure, Disease progression, Patient, receptors, receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, mechanism, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin, risk of infection, host cells, host cell, acute respiratory syndrome, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, therapeutic approaches, enzyme, multiorgan failure, SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, Host, Effect, resulting, caused, variety, diabete, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19 pathogenesis, diabete,