Abstract
During SARS-CoV-2 proliferation, the translation of viral RNAs is usually the rate-limiting step. Understanding the molecular details of this step is beneficial for uncovering the origin and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and even for controlling the pandemic. To date, it is unclear how SARS-CoV-2 competes with host mRNAs for ribosome binding and efficient translation. We retrieved the coding sequences of all human genes and SARS-CoV-2 genes. We systematically profiled the GC content and folding energy of each CDS. Considering that some fixed or polymorphic mutations exist in SARS-CoV-2 and human genomes, all algorithms and analyses were applied to both pre-mutate and post-mutate versions. In SARS-CoV-2 but not human, the 5-prime end of CDS had lower GC content and less RNA structure than the 3-prime part, which was favorable for ribosome binding and efficient translation initiation. Globally, the fixed and polymorphic mutations in SARS-CoV-2 had created an even lower GC content at the 5-prime end of CDS. In contrast, no similar patterns were observed for the fixed and polymorphic mutations in human genome. Compared with human RNAs, the SARS-CoV-2 RNAs have less RNA structure in the 5-prime end and thus are more favorable of fast translation initiation. The fixed and polymorphic mutations in SARS-CoV-2 are further amplifying this advantage. This might serve as a strategy for SARS-CoV-2 to adapt to the human host.
Keywords: CDS; Human genome; Mutation; RNA structure; SARS-CoV-2; Translation.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, Mutation, RNA structure, translation., CDS, Human genome, 【초록키워드】 pandemic, Mutation, translation, Human, RNAs, RNA, Algorithm, Evolution of SARS-CoV-2, understanding, Viral RNA, molecular, binding, Human genome, proliferation, energy, viral RNAs, coding sequences, SARS-CoV-2 genes, human host, human genes, GC content, Human genomes, coding sequence, human gene, translation initiation, host mRNA, amplifying, applied, less, analysis, fixed, retrieved, the SARS-CoV-2, 【제목키워드】 translation initiation, host mRNA,