Abstract
Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 is paramount for understanding viral dynamics, contributing to disease control. This study analyzed SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, including the first reported case in each Regional Health Coordination and cases from three epidemic peaks. Ninety SARS-CoV-2 genomes from RS were sequenced and analyzed through comparison with SARS-CoV-2 datasets available in GISAID for phylogenetic inference and mutation analysis. Among the first reported cases, we found the following lineages: B.1 (33.3%), B.1.1.28 (26.7%), B.1.1 (13.3%), B.1.1.33 (10.0%), and A (6.7%), evidencing SARS-CoV-2 introduction by both international origin and community-driven transmission. We found predominance of B.1.1.33 (50.0%) and B.1.1.28 (35.0%) during the first epidemic peak (July-August 2020), emergence of P.2 (55.6%) in the second peak (November-December 2020), and massive spread of P.1 and related sequences (78.4%), such as P.1-like-II, P.1.1 and P.1.2 in the third peak (February-April, 2021). Eighteen novel mutation combinations were found among P.1 genomes, and 22 different spike mutations and/or deletions among P.1 and related sequences. This study shows the dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 lineages in Southern Brazil and describes SARS-CoV-2 diversity during three epidemic peaks, highlighting the spread of P.1 and the high genetic diversity of currently circulating lineages. Genomic monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 is essential to guide health authorities’ decisions to control COVID-19 in Brazil.
Keywords: Brazil; Epidemic peaks; Genomic diversity; P.1 lineage; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
【저자키워드】 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Brazil, P.1 lineage, genomic diversity, Epidemic peaks, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Brazil, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, Mutation, Genomic surveillance, Transmission, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, Spread, Epidemic, spike mutation, SARS-CoV-2 genome, P.1, disease control, International, Deletion, B.1.1.28, P.2, viral dynamics, dataset, genetic diversity, genomes, coordination, genomic, disease, GISAID, lineages, Combination, Analysis, phylogenetic inference, B.1, Health authority, Rio Grande, acute respiratory syndrome, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, B.1.1, SARS-CoV-2 genomes, sequence, epidemic peak, circulating, dispersion, deletions, B.1.1.33, SARS-CoV-2 lineage, Regional, SARS-CoV-2 datasets, analyzed, sequenced, reported, contributing to, highlighting, 【제목키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, Spread, P.1, Lineage, epidemic peak,