Abstract
The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become more serious because of the continuous emergence of variants of concern (VOC), thus calling for the development of broad-spectrum vaccines with greater efficacy. Adjuvants play important roles in enhancing the immunogenicity of protein-based subunit vaccines. In this study, we compared the effect of three adjuvants, including aluminum, nanoparticle manganese and MF59, on the immunogenicity of three protein-based COVID-19 vaccine candidates, including RBD-Fc, RBD and S-trimer. We found that the nanoparticle manganese adjuvant elicited the highest titers of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a, as well as neutralizing antibodies against infection by pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 and its Delta variant. What is more, the nanoparticle manganese adjuvant effectively reduced the viral load of the authentic SARS-CoV-2 and Delta variant in the cell culture supernatants. These results suggest that nanoparticle manganese, known to facilitate cGAS-STING activation, is an optimal adjuvant for protein-based COVID-19 subunit vaccines.
Keywords: COVID-19; MF59; SARS-CoV-2; aluminum; nanoparticle manganese; subunit vaccines; variants.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, variants, MF59, aluminum, nanoparticle manganese, subunit vaccines, 【초록키워드】 coronavirus disease, neutralizing antibody, Coronavirus disease 2019, Efficacy, Vaccine, coronavirus, COVID-19 vaccine, immunogenicity, Neutralizing antibodies, VoC, Infection, variants of concern, adjuvants, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, delta variant, variants, global pandemic, Viral load, RBD, cGAS, adjuvant, STING, IgG1, MF59, aluminum, subunit vaccines, SARS-CoV-2 RBD, manganese, Candidates, acute respiratory syndrome, Activation, subunit, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, IgG2a, cell culture supernatants, RBD-specific IgG, pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2, RBD-Fc, greater, highest, caused, reduced, facilitate, elicited, enhancing the immunogenicity, 【제목키워드】 Delta, response, adjuvant, subunit vaccines, Effect,