Uncontrolled inflammatory responses play a critical role in coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this context, because the triggering-receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is considered an intrinsic amplifier of inflammatory signals, this study investigated the role of soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) as a biomarker of the severity and mortality of COVID-19. Based on their clinical scores, we enrolled COVID-19 positive patients ( n = 237) classified into mild, moderate, severe, and critical groups. Clinical data and patient characteristics were obtained from medical records, and their plasma inflammatory mediator profiles were evaluated with immunoassays. Plasma levels of sTREM-1 were significantly higher among patients with severe disease compared to all other groups. Additionally, levels of sTREM-1 showed a significant positive correlation with other inflammatory parameters, such as IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, and neutrophil counts, and a significant negative correlation was observed with lymphocyte counts. Most interestingly, sTREM-1 was found to be a strong predictive biomarker of the severity of COVID-19 and was related to the worst outcome and death. Systemic levels of sTREM-1 were significantly correlated with the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-8, which can release TREM-1 from the surface of peripheral blood cells. Our findings indicated that quantification of sTREM-1 could be used as a predictive tool for disease outcome, thus improving the timing of clinical and pharmacological interventions in patients with COVID-19.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Inflammation, Biomarker, sTREM-1, MMP-8, 【초록키워드】 coronavirus disease, coronavirus, Biomarker, Mortality, IL-6, severity, neutrophil, myeloid cells, outcome, Peripheral blood, immunoassays, lymphocyte, Characteristics, severity of COVID-19, clinical, Patient, death, IL-8, Mild, plasma, matrix metalloproteinases, IL-10, quantification, disease, expression, Critical, moderate, Inflammatory response, Plasma levels, severe disease, systemic, inflammatory parameters, Predictive, medical records, mediator, matrix metalloproteinase, profile, Clinical data, positive correlation, significant negative correlation, peripheral blood cells, positive patients, pharmacological interventions, lymphocyte counts, inflammatory signals, myeloid cells-1, neutrophil counts, MOST, inflammatory mediator, uncontrolled, intrinsic, enrolled, significantly, indicated, investigated, evaluated, expressed, correlated, significantly higher, groups, COVID-19 positive patient, patients with COVID-19, pharmacological intervention, Plasma level, the timing, was related, 【제목키워드】 activity, peripheral, Involvement,