Abstract
Food supplements based on fermented Carica papaya and Morinda citrifolia , known for their immune modulating, redox balancing, and anti-inflammatory effects, were added to conventional treatment protocols prescribed to patients recovering after severe and moderate COVID-19 disease in order to alleviate long-lasting post-COVID symptoms. A randomized single-center placebo-controlled clinical laboratory study was designed and performed (total number of participants 188, with delta variant of virus 157, with omicron 31). Clinical statuses were assessed using computer tomography, electrocardiography, a questionnaire, and physical endurance. Plasma cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, and INF-gamma), nitrate/nitrite ratio, antioxidant activity (AOA), and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) ATP levels were determined before and 20 days following the addition of 28 g of fermented supplements twice per day. The capacity of PMN to phagocyte and the oral-nasal-pharyngeal microbiota were assessed. Clinical symptoms, IL-6, IL-8, and nitric oxide metabolites diminished significantly compared to the placebo group and their background expression. The PMN capacity to phagocyte, AOA, and ATP content remarkably increased. The oral-nasal-pharyngeal microbiota were unchanged. On these grounds, we suggest that fermented tropical fruits could efficiently diminish post-COVID clinical symptoms through several immune-modulating, redox balancing, and pro-energy mechanisms.
Keywords: ATP; Carica papaya; Morinda citrifolia; antioxidant activity; fermented food supplements; nitrates/nitrites; oral-nasal-pharyngeal microbiota; phagocytosis; post-COVID symptoms; pro-inflammatory cytokines.
【저자키워드】 phagocytosis, ATP, Carica papaya, Morinda citrifolia, antioxidant activity, fermented food supplements, nitrates/nitrites, oral-nasal-pharyngeal microbiota, post-COVID symptoms, pro-inflammatory cytokines., 【초록키워드】 Anti-inflammatory effects, Cytokines, IL-17A, Clinical symptoms, nitric oxide, IL-6, computer tomography, variant, cytokine, omicron, delta variant, virus, antioxidant, Symptoms, immune, Moderate COVID-19, Laboratory, COVID-19 disease, Randomized, microbiota, clinical, Patient, Treatment protocol, IL-8, pro-inflammatory cytokines, Electrocardiography, phagocytosis, mechanisms, disease, expression, questionnaire, placebo-controlled, metabolite, Nitrate, food, Morinda citrifolia, clinical laboratory, leukocyte, nitrite, placebo group, clinical symptom, single-center, participant, tropical, physical, physical endurance, phagocyte, nitrates, nitrites, polymorphonuclear leukocyte, performed, significantly, addition, per day, added, long-lasting, alleviate, modulating, the placebo group, were assessed, 【제목키워드】 clinical, food, Morinda citrifolia,