Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed in over 450 million confirmed cases since 2019. Although several vaccines have been certified by the WHO and people are being vaccinated on a global scale, it has been reported that multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants can escape neutralization by antibodies, resulting in vaccine breakthrough infections. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is known to induce heterologous protection based on trained immune responses. Here, we investigated whether BCG-induced trained immunity protected against SARS-CoV-2 in the K18-hACE2 mouse model. Our data demonstrate that i.v. BCG (BCG-i.v.) vaccination induces robust trained innate immune responses and provides protection against WT SARS-CoV-2, as well as the B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 variants. Further studies suggest that myeloid cell differentiation and activation of the glycolysis pathway are associated with BCG-induced training immunity in K18-hACE2 mice. Overall, our study provides the experimental evidence that establishes a causal relationship between BCG-i.v. vaccination and protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge.
Keywords: COVID-19; Infectious disease; Innate immunity.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Infectious disease, innate immunity., 【초록키워드】 antibodies, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccine, vaccination, innate immune response, Immunity, Innate immunity, neutralization, SARS-CoV-2 variant, B.1.617.2, Infectious disease, variants, B.1.617.1, immune responses, BCG, pathway, K18-hACE2 mice, Heterologous, K18-hACE2, Glycolysis, Innate, vaccine breakthrough infections, causal relationship, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, confirmed case, Activation, Bacillus, myeloid cell, experimental evidence, WT SARS-CoV-2, robust, resulting, reported, investigated, provide, induce, the WHO, 【제목키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, Immunity, PROTECT,