Coronavirus Disease 2019 named as COVID-19 imposing a huge burden on public health as well as global economies, is caused by a new strain of betacoronavirus named as SARS-CoV-2. The high transmission rate of the virus has resulted in current havoc which highlights the need for a fast and effective approach either to prevent or treat the deadly infection. Development of vaccines can be the most prominent approach to prevent the virus to cause COVID-19 and hence will play a vital role in controlling the spread of the virus and reducing mortality. The virus uses its spike proteins for entering into the host by interacting with a specific receptor called angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) present on the surface of alveolar cells in the lungs. Researchers all over the world are targeting the spike protein for the development of potential vaccines. Here, we discuss the immunopathological basis of vaccine designing that can be approached for vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 infection and different platforms that are being used for vaccine development. We believe this review will increase our understanding of the vaccine designing against SARS-CoV-2 and subsequently contribute to the control of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Also, it gives an insight into the current status of vaccine development and associated outcomes reported at different phases of trial. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Either the S protein of the SARS-CoV-2 or the whole pathogen is targeted at the development of vaccines against COVID-19. • Lymphocytopenia and Cytokine storm are two major manifestations associated with innate immune response generated against COVID-19. • There are 44 vaccine candidates in clinical phase and 154 in preclinical phase of vaccine development. • The major hurdle in establishing vaccine’s efficacy being its effectiveness and safety at each step among diverse population.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, targets, platforms, Vaccine designing,