Graphical abstract The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) has witnessed a rapid and global proliferation since its early identification in patients with severe pneumonia in Wuhan, China. As of 27th May 2020, 2019-nCoV cases have risen to >5 million, with confirmed deaths of 350,000. However, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) diagnostic and treatment measures are yet to be fully unraveled, given the novelty of this particular coronavirus. Therefore, existing antiviral agents used for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) were repurposed for COVID-19, taking their biological features into consideration. This study provides a concise review of the current and emerging detection and supervision technologies for SARS-CoV-2, which is the viral etiology of COVID19, and their performance characteristics, with emphasis on the novel Nano-based diagnostic tests (protein corona sensor array and magnetic levitation) and treatment measures (treatment protocols based on nano-silver colloids) for COVID-19.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus, Diagnosis, Nanoparticles, nanomedicine, SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, RdRp, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, cDNA, complementary DNA, ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome, CRISPR, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, IGG, immunoglobulin g, IGM, immunoglobulin m, PCR, polymerase chain reaction, WHO, World Health Organization, CT, Computed tomography, FDA, Food and Drug Administration, RNA, Ribonucleic acid, LAMP, Loop-mediated isothermal amplification, EUA, Emergency Use Authorization, RT-PCR, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, treatment protocols, ROS, reactive oxygen species, COVID-19, coronavirus disease, IFN-γ, interferon gamma, BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage, HBV, hepatitis B virus, TNFα, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, HCV, hepatitis C virus, ICU, Intensive Care Units, 2019-nCoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, USFDA, United States Food And Drug Administration, G-CSF, (Granulocyte colony-stimulating facto), IP10, 10 Kda interferon gamma-induced protein, MCP1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, Th2, T-helper-2, AuNP-ab, gold-antibody nanoparticle, RPA, recombinase polymerase amplification, RCA, rolling circle amplification, MagLev, magnetic levitation, SPION, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, PICALM, phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein, ergic, endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate compartment, NagC, nano-silver colloids, IC, inhibitory concentration, GSH, glutathione, MHV-A59, mouse coronavirus, PDT, photodynamic therapy, PS, photosensitizer, MB, methylene blue, TPPS2a, tetraphenyl porphyrin disulphonate, FISH, fluorescent in situ hybridization, MWCNTs, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, EHEC, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, GQD, graphene quantum dot, Ag-MES, silver nanoparticle capped with mercaptoethane sulfonate, HSV-1, herpes Simplex type-1 virus, PDI, photodynamic inactivation, AMT, 4′-aminomethyl-trioxsalene, PTAF, photocatalytic titanium apatite filter, UV, ultraviolet,